01Knee arthritis
Arthritis can cause pain, stiffness, swelling, weakness, and reduced motion as joint cartilage changes over time. Symptoms and X-rays do not always tell the whole story; the useful question is how the knee is affecting daily life and what has already been tried.
02Meniscus and cartilage injury
The menisci help absorb load and support knee stability. A tear may follow forceful twisting or develop with age-related changes. Pain, swelling, catching, and difficulty fully bending or straightening the knee can be part of the picture.
03Ligament injury
Ligaments help keep the knee stable. Contact, a hard landing, or a rapid change of direction can strain or tear them. The amount of instability, associated injuries, activity goals, and exam findings all influence what comes next.
04Knee replacement discussions
Partial or total knee replacement may enter the conversation when arthritis is advanced and symptoms remain limiting despite appropriate non-surgical care. It is a decision based on the person, not an X-ray alone.